Sphagnum moss-an answer to many questions

One of the more common gardening supplies that is found in almost every home and garden, sphagnum moss is used in bonsai for a number of different tasks.  It is easily found at neighborhood plant nurseries because it is quite a beneficial product for general plant care as well as for many bonsai techniques.

Sphagnum moss is a remnant of the Jurassic Period beginning over one hundred fifty-five million years ago.  As a moss, it is a perennial plant that reproduces through the sporing process.  It is found in marshes and bogs and the decomposed sphagnum moss that drops to the bottom is known as peat.  It can absorb over twenty times its weight in water and is virtually bacteria free.  These qualities make it a perfect tool for care and propagating bonsai plants and trees.  

Sphagnum moss is used in air layering as the rooting material.   It can be easily formed around the trunk of the specimen at the point new roots are desired.  It holds moisture and root stimulant well which promotes the new growth.  It is also used as a growing medium for both new plants and to nurse sick ones.   Sick plants and trees can be re-potted using sphagnum moss instead of a soil mix.  A loose mix of soil and sphagnum moss is also a perfect material for starting most plants or trees making transplant less traumatic.  Some species like heather and orchids actually thrive in nothing but this moss.

Since this material retains moisture so well, it can be used as a ground cover in very hot conditions that is both functional and decorative.  It can also be placed under a bonsai container as part of a humidity tray to release moisture for indoor plants as well.